The Concert

The Concert The Third Day concert in April 2012 brought a sold out crowd of over 3000 people to Joplin’s Memorial Hall. When the ushers finally opened the doors people were lined up down the street. People flooded into the lobby where the band’s merchandise was being sold. The merchandise was set out on eight tables that were arranged in a U-shape against the entire back wall. The wall behind the tables was lined with t-shirts and hats. Half of the people were buying merchandise, and those who weren’t were at one of the two concession stands that were at either end of the lobby.The lobby smelled like an outdoor barbeque from the hamburgers that were being cooked on the grill. Music was playing softly, but all the people talking made it hard to hear. Slowly, people funneled into the auditorium to find their seats. The auditorium was huge. It had a lower level and a balcony. The center of the auditorium was full of seating for the VIP’s. The auditorium was a bout three quarters full when the band started. The lights went dim and the stage filled with smoke. You could hear the beat from the drums, but you could not see the drummer.The guitarist started playing. It was so loud it shook the walls. When the lead singer started singing, the crowd went nuts. They were yelling and chanting his name,† Mac, Mac, Mac. † Finally the smoke started to dissipate and the band was on stage dressed in torn jeans and flannel shirts. After the first song, Mac introduced the rest of the band. Each member did a short to showcase their skills. The next three songs were hit songs from their most recent album. The audience showed their approval into by waving their hands and singing with the music.To keep the audience involved in the show, Mac would hold the microphone toward the audience and have them sing the. Suddenly, everything went dark. It was so dark people couldn’t see the person next to them. Then a small light emerged in the middl e of the floor. The light grew brighter and brighter. Until it was recognizable as a make-shift camp fire. The music started again softly, and then got louder and louder. The band walked to the camp fire playing acoustic instruments. They stood around the fire playing older songs from their first albums, even playing songs that were never released.Eventually the band went back on stage and played their last few songs. They thanked the audience for a good night and left the stage. The people started chanting the band’s name over and over, hoping for an encore. The band finally returned to the stage and played one final song. The concert was finally over and everyone tried to leave at the same time. The front lobby was packed tight with people trying to get to the doors. The large number of people in the small building made for a long wait to leave, but ultimately, everyone got outside and was able to continue their evenings.

Education and Formal Agencies Essay

Education is a process to develop the intellectual faculties of the man. It makes the civilized, refined, cultured and educated. For a civilized and socialized society, education is the only means. It makes a man perfect. It is systematic process through which a child or a man acquires knowledge, experience, skill and sound attitude. Every society gives importance to education because it is a panacea for all evils. It is the key to solve all problems of life. Derivative Meaning of Education: The word ‘Education’ has been derived from different words. Latin word ‘E’ and ‘Duco’ means to draw out of the inner qualities of the child. Similarly, ‘educare’ means to nurture and to bring up while ‘educare’ means to draw out the qualities of a child to make a complete man. Various educationists have given their views on education. Some important definitions are: Gandhi – â€Å"By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in man – body, mind and spirit. † Tagore – â€Å"Education makes one’s life in harmony with all existence. † Dr. Zakir Husain – â€Å"Education is the process of the individual mind, getting to its full possible development. † Aristotle- â€Å"Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body. † Rousseau- â€Å"Education is the child’s development from within. † Spencer- â€Å"Education is complete living. † It can be estimated that education is a comprehensive term and it reflects one’s day-to-day life and an essential aspect for perfect balanced personality development. On other hand, the meaning of education can be understood from the narrower and broader point of view. Narrower meaning implies education is limited in educational institutions and broader meaning refers to life-long comprehensive process of education. Nature of Education: As the meaning of education, so its nature which is very complex. The natures of education are: (a) Education is life-long process- Education is life long process because every stage of life of an individual is important from educational point. (b) Education is a systematic process- It refers to transact its activities through a systematic institution and regulation. (c) Education is development of individual and the society- It is called a force for social development, which brings improvement in every aspect in the society. (d) Education is modification of behavior- Human behavior is modified and improved through educational process. (e) Education is a training- Human senses, mind, behavior, activities; skills are trained in a constructive and socially desirable way. (f) Education is instruction and direction- It directs and instructs an individual to fulfill his desires and needs for exaltation of his whole personality. (g) Education is life- Life without education is meaningless and like the life of a beast. Every aspect and incident needs education for its sound development. (h) Education is continuous reconstruction of our experiences- As per the definition of John Dewey education reconstructs and remodels our experiences towards socially desirable way. (i) Education is a power and treasure in human being through which he is entitled as the supreme master on the earth. Therefore, the role of education is countless for a perfect society and man. It is necessary for every society and nation to bring holistic happiness and prosperity to its individuals. Educational agencies are the means to achieve some goal. The role and goal of agencies of education are the impart different types of education. An individual acquires knowledge and experiences through different ways. So these sources and ways of learning take place in different institution which exercise an educational influence on the child. So the agencies of education are called the chief communicating agents between individual and the goal of education. According, to the role, educational agencies are two types- Active and Passive and according to their form they are of three types i. e. formal, informal and non-formal. These types of agencies are explained in the following ways. (1) Active Agencies: Active agencies are those where both educator and educed are active participants. The action and reactions are entertained. The school, home, family are considered as the active agencies of education. Learning is a two-way process. Interaction is lively. (2) Passive agencies: Passive agencies are those which influence the learners but they are not influenced in return. The teaching-learning process is one way. These create public opinion and public control. If the leaner is interested he may learn. Radio, TV, press, Library are the examples of passive agencies. (3) Formal agencies: Formal agencies are more or less deliberately set up by the society. It has specific objectives, curriculum, examination system, etc. These are formal because they are pre-planned. The place and time are fixed. School, college, university are the examples of formal agencies of education. (4) Informal agencies: There are agencies which grow up spontaneously and also dissolve in the same way. They observe no formalities. They indirectly impart education. If one is interested one can learn. They include family, society, playground, professional organizations, youth activity groups, etc. (5) Non-formal agencies: It is the recent concept used in India. It helps the formal agencies of education. Those who are not getting chance in formal agencies of education like schools, colleges and universities may go through the non-formal agencies of education. The programmes are meant for out of school youths, adults, and women. Correspondence course, Open University and adult education include in the non-formal agencies of education.

COM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

COM - Essay Example d allows for the viewer to further integrate with the action that is taking place on the screen, the theme of the movie itself, and whether or not the actors were ultimately believable in their roles. Firstly, with regards the music which was utilized in the film, this is perhaps the strongest element that helps to tie the plot in with the ultimate sense of frustration, suspense, and drama that is represented on the screen. All too often, films simply seek to fill a musical score with something so that this potential element will be fulfilled. However, with regards to the film in question, the music was expertly presented so that the drama, suspense, and anguish that were represented within the scenes could be evoked to a more full and complete degree. Another definitive element that helps to set this film apart from many others is with respect to the way in which the actors which were chosen were perfectly suited and believable in the roles that they reflected. Although it is of course possible that a number of different actors could of been chosen facilities role in just as satisfactory a manner, the way in which Franka Potente was able to represent a steelish determination alongside a fragile an almost childlike sense of never giving up hope, denotes the fact that this actor was perfectly cast and fully believable with regards to the role which she was required to portray. Similarly, the theme of the movie itself is ultimately a suspense/thriller. In such a way, the previous two elements that have been discussed, both work favorably in helping to promote a further level of enjoyment on the part of the viewer with respect to this particular genre film. Although there are a number of best practices that can be engaged in any film, in order to effectively represent the thriller/suspense genre, is of course necessary to have a set of actors that are fully believable within the role, able to represent key emotions, angst, anger, frustration, fear, sadness, and an

Research paper about lululemon Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

About lululemon - Research Paper Example According to this journal, Lulu Lemon has been in a position to sell approximately 95% of its products at a full price. This has been based on the strategy that involves offering fewer products in its outlets to ensure that consumer are instilled with a perception of scarcity (online.wsj.com). The core items are usually not placed on sale in most cases, in this case, when a client finds such products on the shelf, he or she feels that the product is scarce and will take it at the prices offered without considering any form of discount (online.wsj.com). In addition, the company has a strict return policy stating that no goods are supposed to be returned after fourteen days of sale; the policy also states the goods cannot be returned after they are washed worn: Such a policy has ensured its clients of the high quality of the products, thus determining the prices. The company does not rely on large quantities of data to determine their clients’ needs, thus the determination of pricing, but rather focuses on taking direct feedbacks from clients, thus making necessary improvements on their products, which also influences prices. According to Christine Day the new Company’s Chief Executive Officer, the application of large quantities of data retrieved from websites, focus groups as well as client-management relationship software to determine quality and track purchases, may provide invalid information, thus a false sense of security (www.businessinsider.com). The use of direct clientele feedback is crucial in redefining products as well as the determination of associated prices. Taking feedbacks from clients has been achieved through training its employees on eavesdropping as well as taking direct complaints from clients (www.businessinsider.com). The application of a product lifecycle is another strategy that has been applied by the company. The company ensures that when a new product, with a new color is introduced, it is

Review chapter 8( Ethical Autonomy and Dealing with Unethical Essay

Review chapter 8( Ethical Autonomy and Dealing with Unethical Superiors ) from the book (The Responsible Administrator...) and chose any article and make relation - Essay Example Therefore, Cooper crafts four key points in this chapter. The first major point is that revolving around the whole book i.e. ethical conducts by a public officer. Secondly, the ethical conduct of an individual working in a corrupt environment. Thirdly, the components necessary for individual ethical autonomy, and lastly, the importance of the role played by the administrator and to whose loyalty he or she should act on ( Cooper, 2012). In his article, Nurse Autonomy as Relational, Chris MacDonald explores the various autonomous dimensions in the nursing profession. He further explains that in nursing the nurse’s autonomy is relational. Hence, devotion to the social and circumstantial factors that assist profoundly autonomous action is important to advancing the understanding of the connections between professionals and their clients/ patients, in addition to different teams of professionals. Further, MacDonald explains the descriptive and prescriptive aspects of autonomy. Descriptive autonomy is explained as the capability for self-governance, while prescriptive autonomy refers to the resistance towards interfering with persona life and the steps involved enhancing such resistances. Lastly, according to this article professional autonomy has been linked to relational autonomy in the nursing profession. According to this article, professional autonomy depends on the social structure because the profession it self is self-governing ( MacDonald, 2002). This article relates to coopers explanation about ethical autonomy in that it outlines the implications of a relational autonomy model in the nursing profession. The first implication is that through understanding autonomy, the nurse is able to understand the thin line between their personal capabilities for independent actions and the responsibilities they have towards their patients. Secondly, it helps in the understanding

How do YOU attempt to balance their responsibilities for child welfare Essay

How do YOU attempt to balance their responsibilities for child welfare and crime control To what extent are they successful - Essay Example Youth crime has become a significant problem in England especially in the socio-economically backward areas. A large number of youth come across some form of offending behavior in their lives whether as a perpetrator or as a victim. Most youth commit offence though the nature of the offences may not be serious. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland the minimum age of criminal responsibility is set at 10 years while the boys and girls aged between 14 and 18 years are considered young adults. (Hollin et al 2). Sufficient evidence is available to prove that among children frequency in offending starts from the age of 8 and reaches the peak during the adolescent years at around the age of 16-17 years. Excessive levels of bullying and fighting, shoplifting, destruction to property, absence from school, defiant and provocative behavior, setting fires, physical attacks, graffiti and sexual assaults are some types of offending (Liabo and Richardson 14). The frequency in offending drops shar ply at the age of 18 years and there is a strong possibility that the young offenders actually emerge as law-abiding citizens. Siegel and Welsh (282) have observed that the participation and the frequency of offences by young offenders decrease as they age. However offending does not totally vanish; it exists in the form of underage driving and consumption of alcohol (Hollin et al 2). A report conducted by Civitas (The Institute for the Study of Civil Society) showed that every year around 70,000 school aged children entered Youth Justice System with half of these first time offenders being young adults. The report also stated that both male and female were proven guilty of offence; however the number of male offenders was greater with theft and physical attacks on people being the greatest number of offences committed by the youth (Natale 2010). In England the offending youth have a love-hate relationship with the public. The public strongly condemns the offending actions of the yo ung adults and considers them a threat to the lives and property of the public. On the other hand, the public also raises a hue and cry over the treatment meted out to the young offenders on the hands of law enforcement agencies. In early England, the young offenders were awarded the same punishment for petty offences as an adult. A child forced to steal a piece of bread out of hunger was a thief as was a grown up person who stole a valuable object. The outlook of the English Justice System has changed significantly and now young adults who offend are not treated as hardcore criminals. The Youth Justice System was established to deal with offending children and young adults and is very different from the adult justice system. According to the Youth Justice System, the young offenders should not be isolated from the society rather the whole community should work together to make them law abiding citizens. It believes that arrests and jail sentences do not stop the young offenders fro m re-offending rather it has been observed that often young adults turn into criminals when sent to prison. If offending is traumatizing for the victims, it also deeply affects the young perpetrator who often is not aware of the severity of his actions until it is too late. The children and young adults who offend need the support and help from all corners so that they do not re-offend and emerge as responsible citizens of the future. Why do Youth Commit Offence There are a number of reasons for which the young offenders commit crimes some of them being peer pressure (bullying), problems at home such as lack of discipline at home, violence at home, financial problems, poor housing, lack of communication between parents

Aircraft engineering essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aircraft engineering - Essay Example 129-132). With these definitions, the paper shall look at the differences that exist between a degree program and a training course while examining the professional development that is needed for one to prepare him or herself for a degree program.. Hence, this is a vital topic that shall help explain and clear out the thoughts in a way or the other where possible. A great feature of degree programs is their generality. They tend to teach the student a collection of knowledge that is diverse in the concept it avails. Thus, it is up to the student to determine the place he or she will obtain the degree program. A degree program needs a student who has passed in all of his or her previous modes of study. Thus, there is a procedure that is followed, which requires him or her to show that what he or she has achieved academically is true. Thus, degree programs include courses in education that avail a large array of certain subjects. The person has to make a decision for wanting to pursue a certain degree program. Training courses tend to be specific in terms of what they cover unlike degree programs that are general. The specificity of training programs make them unique to a certain group of people. By being particular, training courses differ from degree programs as their coverage is minimised. However, it depends on training that is being offered, unlike in degree programs where training is availed for multiple things that will help an individual to be an all-round person who is knowledgeable and ready for so many differing aspects in life. The specificity of training courses is determined by the aim, the role, and the problem to be solved. This is not the same for degree programs because it is stipulated that people follow a specific curriculum and complete a certain number of subjects as required in the degree program. Due to the differences in the specificity and generalization of the training courses and degree programs, the number of

Research Proposal Draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Proposal Draft - Essay Example There are also few studies that indicate the way in which these youngsters can be motivated to adopt a positive lifestyle in terms of being physically active and eating the proper diet that will help them to avoid obesity. There exists a desperate need to identify a connection between the benefits that come with weight loss. There is also a need to make sure that people, especially the young people are not only aware of the health benefits of losing excess weight but that they are motivated to lose the excess weight through positive lifestyle and the proper eating habits. The significance of the current research study is to measure how a quantitative weight loss program will affect those who will be involved in the study. The study will involve 50 participants of ages between 8 and 18, from both the genders. All the participants have to have a body mass index of over the 95th percentile which is a clear indication that they are obese and overweight. The study will be done in a period of twelve weeks. The study will monitor food intake, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and cholesterol levels of the participants. Will there be increased positive health benefits such as, improved oxygen circulation, healthy blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and cholesterol levels, in the participants who will be children age 8 to 18 with a BMI above the 95th percentile? The hypothesis for this research is that there will be clear indication of the positive health outcomes that will be achieved by the 50 participants who will be involved in this controlled medical study for weight loss. Needles to say, age is an important factor when weight related health issues are being considered. The way an 8 year old child can be affected by overweight may not be the same way s an 18 year old will be affected. At the same time, the way an older patient may be able to stay in course in a controlled weight loss progress is not the same way a young

Law and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law and management - Essay Example Simply put, if you promise that you will do something for another person and in return, that person agrees to pay you something, then you and that person have made a contract. A contract can be in verbal or written form but the most important thing is that there would be an agreement especially between two parties. Likewise, according to the labour laws of many countries, both the worker and the employee are bound by certain statutory regulations that would ensure that no party will breach the agreed contract. Indeed, when a person has decided to enter into an agreement with someone, both parties should have a common ground of understanding of the nature of the contract they would be agreeing upon so as to avoid conflict and misunderstanding in the future. (ii) When another party has frustrated the contract entered into between the two involved parties, it can be said that this other part would have failed to owner the obligations stated in the contract in the long run as a result of difficult conditions arising during the course of the contract. Thus, according to information obtained online, the issue of frustration here is about the subsequent impossibility of the contract which may be a result of an unforeseeable event to both parties. In most cases, this event would be beyond the control of both parties such as death. No mortal being is able to stop death hence this becomes impossible for both parties to stick to the contractual obligations since it would be difficult to press ahead especially in the absence of a key actor in such a scenario. (b) The case involving Harry and Ian can be attributed to frustration of contract which in this case can be summed up as a legal termination of a contract as a result of unforeseen circumstances which may prevent that particular contract to achieve the intended goals or objectives. Whilst Ian had agreed to buy a motor vehicle from Harry, it is

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay Example for Free

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay It was the morning of Aug 6 1945. It was a very beautiful rosy sky. You heard the birds chirping and yet it was so peaceful and calm. All of a sudden there was a thud. Then suddenly everything went quite and nothing was left of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Then three days later the same incident was repeated again where 70,000 and 40,000 people instantly lost their lives. This was the United States first step towards technology when the first atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The impact of this bomb had killed about 70,000 innocent civilians instantly. Even though the US knew the devastating effects of their weapons, they chose to drop it anyway. Three days later another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. This had demolished about two square miles of the city and had taken about forty-thousand innocent lives. This was the end of the World War II. This all had started when President Harry Truman wanted to test out the Manhattan project. The Manhattan Project was a codename for a project that that was being done in the World War II to create the first atomic bomb. The â€Å"little boy† the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima was made with uranium-235. The bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki was made with plutonium-239 and called the â€Å"fat man†. The choice of target was recommended by the Target Committee at Los Amos and was led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. He has recommended the Kyoto, Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Kokura as the targets. There were several requirements in choosing the location to drop the fat man and little boy. The blast had to create an effective damage. The target was larger than three miles and was close to the urban area. And it was untouched from any attacks. â€Å"Hiroshima was described as an important army depot and port of embarkation in the middle of an urban industrial area. It is a good radar target and it is such a size that a large part of the city could be extensively damaged. There are adjacent hills which are likely to produce a focusing effect which would considerably increase the blast damage. Due to rivers it is not a good incendiary target (Wikipedia). Hiroshima also had a major army base that had headquarters to the 5th and the 2nd army headquarters. Also, Hiroshima had mountains that surrounded it so the damage could be more effective. When the planes that carried the bombs to Hiroshima they were picked up by the Japanese air raid and had send out an alarm. But when the Japanese saw that it was only three planes they had lifted the alarm thinking that they might be just the regular visitors the US was sending over. When the bomb was thrown the â€Å"Tibbets recalled: A bright light filled the plane. The first shockwave hit us. We were eleven and a half miles slant range from the atomic explosion but the whole airplane cracked and crinkled from the blast. We turned back to look at Hiroshima. The city was hidden by that awful cloud mushrooming, terrible and incredibly tall† (WWII database). Many of those who had survived had it far worse than the ones that died instantly. They had been badly and severely burned that they looked like living charcoal pieces. Many of the ones that survived all of this died of radiation poisoning and some even had started to vomit their insides out and had died. Majority of the areas hospitals were in a part of Hiroshima that was destroyed and over 90 percent of the doctors were killed. People that escaped unbruised or hurt would suffered balding and nosebleeds, because days after the explosion the radiation levels were dangerously high. And by the end of 1945 the Hiroshima victims had increased from 90,000 to 150,000. Majority of the people that were killed were Koreans. Because the communication process was delayed due to the devastation president Truman said If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air the likes of which has never been seen on this earth, he said, He later gave the go-ahead to drop the second atomic weapon on Japan† (WWII database). The Second bomb was intended for the city of Kokura. But due to the bad weather that was moving in the schedule had moved up two days. The city of Nagasaki was a very important sea port in Southern Japan. The results of the Fat man was much greater than the one produced by little boy. Around 75,000 people were immediately killed. The day after the attack Japan’s emperor had over ruled the military leaders of Japan and had forced them to give into the surrender unconditionally (doe. gov). This had ended the World War II. Soon after the city was starting to be built again but the devastation area was preserved. Today both Hiroshima and Nagasaki are doing really well. They have a large automobile industry that includes brands like mazda, and Mitsubishi. There still are people who suffer the effects of the radition but very few of them are left. The population went from null to almost 1 million people in each city. In Nagasaki there are hotels on the mountainside with houses, and shops around the neighborhood. Some people had thought that because of the high radiation levels nothing would grow here for decades. But people were shocked when the plants started to grow from under the debris. People had built themselves temporary huts to avoid bad weather. But three months later aide had come from the American-Directed occupation government and the construction had began. Today the city of Nagasaki has a population of about 440,000 people. And Hiroshima today has a population of about 1. 12 million people. In todays world there major industry there is machinery, automotive which produced the Mazda car, and food processing. They have malls, and major department stores. Even though there were two big bombs dropped on the Japans two of the industrial cities, Japan had gone into a total economic and traditional decline. The Japan’s economy was devastated. America had to step in and to help the Japanese economy to get back up, so therefore most of the American values and traditions were incorporated into the Japanese culture. I think it was morally wrong for the Americans to use the atomic bombs and take so many of the innocent lives. After all as always America is the only one that wants to be in power and that was the result of that.

Thermal Solutions to Reduce Electricity Costs

Thermal Solutions to Reduce Electricity Costs Executive summary This report investigates and analyses the thermal solutions to reduce the electricity cost for senior school at St Aidan’s Anglican Girls’ School. Approaches of analysis include calculating energy loss, thermal current and comparing current costs and revised costs, as well as the long-term (each term and annual) prediction for power consumption. The annual electricity cost is predicted to be $23064.56. All calculations can be found in the Appendix. Results from calculated data show that 29.09% of the power consumption can be reduced by replacing 36 W lights from 18 W tube light bulbs ($4.90 for two tubes, $44.10 overall) and installing the Hampton thermal curtains ($276 in total) with pelmet boxes ($183) of five years life expectancy. Hence, they are suggested to renovate every five years to maintain the efficiency of thermal curtains. Although these installations will need $503.10 initially, the payback will begin from the 7th month. This report evaluates that the current setting of the classroom in senior school can be altered to protect the environment and minimise electricity costs. Therefore, there are some recommendations: Install the Hampton thermal curtains with pelmet boxes Thermal curtains should be shut all the time in order to achieve the revised cost Small technology devices (e.g. projector, printer, iron and hot glue guns) usage should be minimised to reduce power usage (e.g. turn them off instead of stand-by when not using) There are some weaknesses of the report: Thermal current of furniture in the room is not considered. Monthly temperature data are not exact results, they are based on past average temperature data. Number of classrooms are an approximation instead of counting due to variation in classroom setting (e.g. one air-conditioner, more or less lights, fridge) Key assumptions The power is assumed to be used only on schooldays. The energy loss from the recorded data (the energy required to cool down) is assumed to be the same every day. The room is assumed to be a closed system, so the thermal current of windows is equivalent to the power usage of both air-conditionings. Power Usage Analysis Introduction Thermal (heat) energy always tends to transfer from one hot space spreading to colder surroundings space by conduction, convection and radiation (Cambridge University Press, 2014) and its flow is affected by the temperature difference. Thermal current () is the rate at which heat energy passes through a material, which is calculated as . The thermal conductivity (k) is a measure of how well the material transfers heat; lower values of conductivity indicate better insulating material. Thermal insulators such as thermal curtains and double glazing windows are commonly used in homes or buildings to maintain constant room temperature by prevention of convection current and minimise energy usage. This report will investigate, analyse and recommend thermal solutions for the school to reduce electricity usage and environmental benefits. Investigation and discussion Note: All data refers to Appendix – Calculation The data was collected by using Sparkvue temperature sensors connected to a computer. The first 30 minutes of the data was disregarded due to the sensor being exposed to direct sunlight, leading to the extremely high temperature (especially the peak at 3:19pm at 47.4Â °C) at the beginning of the data (Graph 1). Through analysis and calculations of the data, the internal temperature change had a positive gradient (between 5:04pm and 6:04pm) which indicated the room was gaining energy as the air-conditioning turned off (347.08 W). Current power usage During schooldays, 18 lights were used 1 hour 43 minutes per day and two air-conditionings were used 10 hours daily on average. The lights were found to consume a relatively low amount of energy of 1.11 kWh daily. Since the room was assumed to be a closed system, theoretically, the thermal current of the windows (137.14 kWh) should be equivalent to the power usage of air-conditioners. However, due to the information written on the air-conditioning was its upper most power usage, they would not be equal. In fact, the calculated consumption (Table 2) was less than the given data, which indicated the difference in power usage could be attributed to dissipation through the walls, floors and doors openings. Moreover, the total consumption (139.52 kWh) included the power consumption of lights and technology devices in the room to achieve higher accuracy. Thermal solutions Thermal solutions are reasonable and beneficial to diminish power consumption. The 36 W light bulbs can be replaced by 18 W lights, which each consume 0.56 kWh daily. Furthermore, thermal curtains are the most common thermal products, because more internal thermal convection current will be blocked, especially when the curtains are extended so that it reaches the floor. This would prevent the convection current and reduce energy flow into the room (Figure 9). Double and triple glazing of windows are commonly used as well, due to vacuum between glass panes eliminating losses by conduction and convection; however, installation is expensive, so thermal curtains are the most economic thermodynamic barriers to use in order to reduce the energy usage. Figure 9 – No gap (Rogers A, 2011) From researching thermal curtains, the Hampton thermal curtain is thermal coated which reduces a maximum of 25% energy loss (Energy.GOV, 2012). Only the front windows have contact with direct sunlight; others are all under shelter, so thermal curtains will only cover these. Hence, the Hampton thermal curtain is suggested to be installed for energy reduction, costing $276 in total. Pelmet boxes cost $183 overall, because the side of the front windows have a length of 6.02 m each, it would be reasonable to get two 6.10 m pelmet box on each side(some space for the curtain rod). The life expectancy of thermal curtains is usually five years; it is reasonable for the school to renovate new curtains every five years. It can be seen from Graph 2 that the costs maintain the same and increases by another full cost of $503.1 after renovating at the end of each five year cycle. Furthermore, the power usage with thermal solutions is calculated to be 97.25 kWh, having a 29.09% difference compared with the current settings. CBA – Cost Benefit Analysis The CBA graph (Graph 3) shows the current cost model and revised cost model accumulating over time. The break-even point occurs in the 7th month and when the current cost is approximately equivalent to the revised cost at $1661.8 and $1654.3, the current cost will exceed the revised cost. According to the CPI in Queensland has been fluctuating from 2007 to 2012 (Figure 10), which may continue changing in the next few years. By considering a long-term situation, Graph 4 illustrates an example of revised cost will increase every five years due to renovation of curtains, whilst maintaining a smaller rate of power consumption than the current cost. The power consumption for each term is calculated (Table 3-6) and used to investigate the annual revised cost of $23064.56 and 28.98% of electricity cost will be reduced from current cost in the senior school. If the electricity price increases 5% for both peak and off-peak hours, the trend would stay the same as the current cost has a higher gradient than the revised cost (Graph 4) and the fluctuation has an impact on the overall costs. (Australian Government, 2015) Figure 10 – CPI Annual Change Brisbane Recommendations The ultimate goal of diminishing the energy usage is to protect our environment and minimise energy consumption. Therefore: Thermal curtains with pelmet boxes and light bulbs should be installed. Curtains should be shut all the time in order to achieve the revised cost. It would be the most economical way if all small technology devices are not used at all (e.g. projector, printer, iron and hot glue guns). In conclusion, after installing the thermal solutions it is predicted to spend $23064.56 annually in the senior school, and results in saving approximately $13072 on power usage when all assumptions are valid, which will therefore reduce environment impact.